22,348 research outputs found
Continued support in the study of lunar and planetary surfaces
Radar observations of various planetary surfaces are discussed. A radar investigation of Mars was conducted in conjunction with the Viking landing site selection process. Quasi-specular scattering from the lunar surface was interpreted in terms of horizonal scale dependence upon observing wavelengths. Furthermore, the effect of the extremely high temperatures encountered on the surface of Venus upon the dielectric constant of geophysical materials, and hence on the interpretation of radar results, was considered. The use of radio and radar techniques for the study of Saturns rings was also investigated
The refractivity of Co sub 2 under simulated martian conditions
Refractivity of carbon dioxide under simulated Martian conditions by radio occulatio
Simultaneous optical and radio observations of NP 0532
Simultaneous optical and radio observations of Crab Nebula pulsar NP 0532 and time delay analysi
Radar measurements of the total cislunar electron content technical report no. 8
Radar measurement of total cislunar electron conten
Productivity of Florida Springs: first semi-annual report to Biology Division, Office of Naval Research, progress from June 1, 1952 to January 31, 1953
Work has begun on studying the factors responsible for productivity
in the Florida springs, which are nearly constant temperature, constant
chemical, steady state giant laboratories. Progress has been made on five
aspects: qualitative description, quantitative description, completion
of knowledge of chemical factors, measurement of productivity , development
of productivity theory.
Measurement of the primary productivity in Silver Springs and Green
Cove Springs by two new methods: the raising of organisms in cages, and the
measurement of night & day differences in oxygen downstream agree roughly.
Production in these springs is greater than previous production figures reported
for marine, fresh water, and land areas. Instantaneous measures of production
show large variations with season, time of day, cloud cover. Production
estimates range from 11,000 lbs per acre per year to 70,000 lbs. glucose per
acre per year during daylight hours.
Essential stability of the springs environment has been shown with
respect to temperature, phosphorus, and plant cover. A correlation of species
number with lack of stability has been shown with insects. Quantitative
studies have shown very large plant base to pyramids of mass. Correlation
of marine invasion with chlorinity has been shown. The essential aspects of
pH regulated phosphorus geochemistry in Florida have been outlined. Some
theoretical ideas on productivity have been evolved. Mapping of sessile
organisms in springs and taxonomic identification of dominants are half
completed. Plans for second six months include measurement of herbivore
and carnivore production rates and completion of food chain efficiency
determinations in Silver Springs as a preparation for subsequent
comparisons between springs. (34pp.
Lunar radar measurements of the earth's magnetospheric wake Scientific report no. 11
Lunar radar echo measurments to determine size and electron density of earth magnetospheric wak
World Health Organization (WHO)/International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grading in fine‐needle aspiration biopsies of renal masses
Background
Utilization of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy for the evaluation of renal masses has been increasing at our institution. At times diagnostic material on direct smears is superior to that in the cell block/core biopsy, therefore assigning an accurate nuclear grade in the cytopathology report would provide useful prognostic information.
Methods
Search of the pathology database identified renal FNAs performed during an 11‐year period (2006–2017). Corresponding core biopsies and resections were identified. Cases with a diagnosis of primary renal neoplasia on FNA, core biopsy, and/or resection were included. Two pathologists reviewed all cases and assigned a World Health Organization (WHO)/International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade to each FNA, core biopsy, and resection case.
Results
A total of 162 kidney FNAs were identified. Primary renal neoplasia was diagnosed in 137 cases on core biopsy/resection. Among diagnostic FNAs of clear cell RCC and papillary RCC with core biopsy/resection specimens for re‐review (n = 52), reviewers assigned a concordant WHO/ISUP grade to 83% (43/52) of cases. Among 9 cases with discrepant scores, all had a discrepancy of 1 grade and were undergraded on FNA. Using a two tier grading system (low vs. high grade), reviewers assigned a concordant grade to 88% (46/52) of cases. Among 6 cases with discrepant scores, all were classified as low grade (WHO/ISUP grade 2) on FNA versus high grade (WHO/ISUP grade 3) on resection.
Conclusion
The WHO/ISUP grade assigned on FNA shows good concordance with subsequent resection/core specimens (83%), with all discrepant cases being undergraded by one grade
The economic performance of cities: a Markov-switching approach
This paper examines the determinants of employment growth in metro areas. To obtain growth rates, we use a Markov-switching model that separates a city’s growth path into two distinct phases (high and low), each with its own growth rate. The simple average growth rate over some period is, therefore, the weighted average of the high-phase and low-phase growth rates, with the weight being the frequency of the two phases. We estimate the effects of a variety of factors separately for the high-phase and low-phase growth rates, along with the frequency of the low phase. We find that growth in the high phase is related to human capital, industry mix, and average firm size. In contrast, we find that growth in the low phase is mostly related to industry mix, specifically, the relative importance of manufacturing. Finally, the frequency of the low phase appears to be related to the level of non-education human capital, but to none of the other variables. Overall, our results strongly reject the notion that city-level characteristics influence employment growth equally across the phases of the business cycle.Business cycles ; Cities and towns
Ion Charge States in Halo CMEs: What can we Learn about the Explosion?
We describe a new modeling approach to develop a more quantitative
understanding of the charge state distributions of the ions of various elements
detected in situ during halo Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) events by the Advanced
Composition Explorer (ACE) satellite. Using a model CME hydrodynamic evolution
based on observations of CMEs propagating in the plane of the sky and on
theoretical models, we integrate time dependent equations for the ionization
balance of various elements to compare with ACE data. We find that plasma in
the CME ``core'' typically requires further heating following filament
eruption, with thermal energy input similar to the kinetic energy input. This
extra heating is presumably the result of post eruptive reconnection. Plasma
corresponding to the CME ``cavity'' is usually not further ionized, since
whether heated or not, the low density gives freeze-in close the the Sun. The
current analysis is limited by ambiguities in the underlying model CME
evolution. Such methods are likely to reach their full potential when applied
to data to be acquired by STEREO when at optimum separation. CME evolution
observed with one spacecraft may be used to interpret CME charge states
detected by the other.Comment: 20 pages, accepted by Ap
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